Infrastructure

BTS SMART-DX 100 optoelectronic system

Motion analysis system that tracks the three-dimensional position of passive reflective markers with infrared cameras. Passive reflective markers of various diameters are used, chosen for the region under study.

• Cameras: 4 infrared cameras
• Sampling rate: 100 Hz

BTS VIXTA video cameras

Cameras integrated with the motion analysis system that record RGB video synchronously with the marker data.

• Number of cameras: 2
• Sampling rate: 25 Hz

BTS FREEEMG 1000 surface EMG

Wireless surface electromyography system integrated with the motion analysis system that records muscle activity synchronously with kinematics.

• Sampling: EMG probes 1 kHz
• Number of probes: 5

Microsoft Azure Kinect

Sensor with a time-of-flight (ToF) depth camera and an RGB camera.

Microsoft Kinect v2

ToF depth sensor; used in markerless facial and body motion analysis.

Orbbec depth sensors

Depth sensors for markerless facial and body motion analysis.

• Model: Femto Mega, Gemini 335L, Astra 2

Leap Motion

Sensor that tracks hand and finger movements in three dimensions with infrared cameras.

• Sampling rate: 100 Hz

iPi Motion Capture (iPi Soft)

Software that captures markerless whole-body movement with depth sensors or cameras. In the laboratory it is used for markerless gait analysis with two Azure Kinect sensors; joint angles are exported with the iPi Biomech add-on.

• Output: BVH, FBX

Artec Eva handheld 3D scanner

Handheld scanner that creates a textured 3D model of the surface using structured-light technology.

• 3D point accuracy: up to 0.1 mm
• 3D resolution: up to 0.2 mm

RecFusion Pro

Scanning software that builds 3D models by combining data from several depth sensors.

• Output: STL, OBJ, PLY

3D Slicer

Open-source medical image processing software used for anatomical segmentation and 3D model creation from CT and MR images.

Dynamometer

Used to measure force and passive mechanical properties in living facial tissue.

• Model: IMADA ZTA-500N digital force gauge
• Capacity: 500 N
• Accuracy: ±0.2% of full scale

Lloyd LR5K Plus universal testing machine

Twin-column electromechanical testing machine that measures the mechanical behaviour of biological tissues and materials under tension, compression, bending and cyclic loading.

• Capacity: up to 5 kN
• Load cells: interchangeable (range 5 N – 5 kN)
• Force accuracy: better than 0.5%
• Test speed: 0.01 – 1016 mm/min
• Software: NEXYGEN Plus

Wearable flexible sensor prototype

Measurement system based on flexible (flex) sensors and a microcontroller, developed to track facial muscle movement. The sensors are attached to the skin with 3D-printed holders, and calibration is performed with 3D-printed cylinders.

• Channels: 4 sensors (bilateral brow and cheek)
• Sampling: 100 Hz
• Validation: synchronous recording with BTS SMART-DX 100 (TÜSEB 2025-A1-01)

Cubicon Single Plus 3DP-310F 3D printer

3D printer using fused deposition modelling (FDM).

• Build volume: 240 × 190 × 200 mm
• Layer thickness: down to 100 µm
• Materials: PLA, ABS, PETG, TPU

Silicone moulding and liquid plastic casting

Preparation of silicone moulds from scanned or 3D-printed master models and replication of models by liquid plastic casting.